Recent study by Deanne's group provides evidence that transplanted GFP positive bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) expressing CD45 do not regenerate the endometrium of irradiated mice. The results do not surprise us since global efforts to regenerate various organs by transplanting bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells (presumably enriched for HSCs) have failed. HSCs can only regenerate/reconstitute BM as they are 'committed progenitors' that are specified from more primitive, CD45 negative stem cells. HSCs also do not exhibit the ability to transdifferentiate or be reprogrammed to any other cell fate. The true regenerative ability lies with this primitive and novel population of pluripotent stem cells in the BM termed very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) which were most likely discarded by Deanne's group while processing cells for transplantation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.